Can You Shoot Steel Shot Through a Full Choke?
The short answer is: generally, no, you shouldn't shoot steel shot through a full choke. While it's possible in some specific circumstances, it's generally not recommended and can be detrimental to your shotgun. Let's delve deeper into the reasons why.
Why Steel Shot and Full Chokes Don't Mix Well
Steel shot is harder and less deformable than lead shot. When lead shot passes through a full choke, the constriction gently squeezes the shot pellets, causing them to deform slightly and maintain a tighter pattern. This deformation helps to ensure a consistent and effective shot pattern downrange.
However, steel shot's harder nature means it's less likely to deform. This rigidity can lead to several problems when forced through a tight full choke:
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Increased Barrel Pressure: The non-deforming steel shot creates higher pressure inside the barrel as it's forced through the constriction. This increased pressure can damage the barrel over time, potentially leading to bulging, cracking, or even a catastrophic barrel failure.
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Deformed Shot Pattern: Instead of a tight, consistent pattern, the steel shot may be deformed or spread unevenly due to the interaction with the choke, resulting in a less effective and unpredictable shot pattern. This reduces accuracy and makes hitting your target much harder.
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Increased Recoil: The higher pressure also contributes to increased recoil, making the gun less comfortable and potentially dangerous to shoot.
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Choke Damage: The hard steel shot can damage the choke itself, potentially causing it to become deformed or even unusable. This is especially true for older or less robust chokes.
What Chokes Are Suitable for Steel Shot?
To safely and effectively shoot steel shot, you need to use chokes designed specifically for it. These are typically designated as modified, improved cylinder, or even extra-full chokes designed for steel (some manufacturers make steel-specific chokes). These chokes have wider constrictions than traditional lead shot chokes, mitigating the risks associated with using steel shot in tighter constrictions. Always check your shotgun manufacturer's recommendations and the choke's markings.
What Happens if I Accidentally Shoot Steel Through a Full Choke?
While a single shot likely won't cause immediate damage, repeatedly shooting steel shot through a full choke will significantly increase the risk of barrel and choke damage. You might not notice any immediate problems, but the cumulative effect of the increased pressure could lead to serious issues down the line.
Can I Use Steel Shot in My Older Shotgun?
Older shotguns may not be compatible with steel shot, even with modified chokes. The barrels of older shotguns were often made with softer steel, which is more susceptible to damage from the harder steel shot. Always consult your shotgun's manual or a qualified gunsmith before using steel shot in an older firearm.
In conclusion, while you might get away with shooting steel shot through a full choke once or twice without noticeable damage, the risks outweigh the benefits. Using the appropriate chokes designed for steel shot is crucial for the safety of yourself, your equipment, and your shooting performance. Always prioritize safety and consult your firearm's manual and/or a qualified gunsmith if you have any doubts.
