Amber, fossilized tree resin, captivates with its warm glow and intriguing history. However, the market is flooded with imitations, making it crucial to know how to authenticate this beautiful gemstone. This comprehensive guide will equip you with the knowledge to distinguish genuine amber from its counterfeits, ensuring you make informed purchases.
What are the common ways to test for real amber?
Several methods can help determine amber's authenticity. These range from simple home tests to more sophisticated laboratory techniques. We'll explore both.
The Saltwater Test
This is a popular home test. Does the amber float in saltwater? Genuine amber, with its relatively low density, will float in a saturated saltwater solution. Mix equal parts salt and water until no more salt dissolves. If your piece floats, it's a strong indicator of authenticity, although not definitive proof. Many imitations can also float.
The Hot Needle Test
Does the amber react to heat? This test involves carefully heating a needle and touching it to the amber. Genuine amber will give off a distinct pine-like scent, while plastics will often smell acrid or burn intensely. Caution: This test should be conducted with extreme care to avoid damaging the amber or causing injury. It's best performed on an inconspicuous area.
The UV Light Test
Does the amber fluoresce under UV light? Many (but not all) types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet light, emitting a blue or greenish glow. However, some synthetic resins also exhibit fluorescence, making this test inconclusive on its own.
The Friction Test
Does the amber produce static electricity? Rub the amber against a piece of wool or your hair. If it attracts small pieces of paper or lint, this suggests it might be genuine amber due to its static electricity properties. However, this test is not definitive, as some imitations can also generate static electricity.
Professional Gemological Testing
For high-value pieces or when absolute certainty is needed, professional gemological testing is recommended. Gemologists utilize advanced techniques, including refractive index testing and spectroscopy, to definitively identify amber and determine its type and origin.
What are some common amber imitations?
Understanding common imitations is crucial in assessing authenticity. These include:
Copal
Copal is a younger, less fossilized resin that is often mistaken for amber. It lacks amber's hardness and typically smells more strongly of pine or other plant resins.
Plastic
Various plastics are frequently used to mimic amber's appearance. These often lack the natural inclusions and subtle variations of color and texture found in genuine amber.
Glass
Glass imitations can be quite convincing, but careful examination can often reveal inconsistencies in color, texture, and clarity compared to genuine amber.
How can I avoid buying fake amber?
Reputable dealers are your best defense against counterfeit amber. Buy from trusted sources:
- Reputable jewelers: Seek out established jewelers with a proven track record of selling authentic gemstones.
- Museums and galleries: Museums and art galleries often sell amber pieces with guarantees of authenticity.
- Online marketplaces with strong buyer protection: Use reputable online platforms with robust buyer protection policies. Read reviews carefully.
By understanding the various methods for testing amber and being aware of common imitations, you can significantly improve your chances of acquiring genuine pieces. Remember that combining several testing methods offers the best chance for accurate identification. Don't hesitate to seek professional appraisal for high-value or questionable pieces.
