Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last teeth to erupt in the mouth, typically emerging between the ages of 17 and 25. However, many people experience issues with their wisdom teeth, the most common being impaction – where the tooth doesn't fully erupt or emerges at an angle. This article explores wisdom teeth coming in sideways, explaining the causes, symptoms, and necessary treatments.
What Causes Wisdom Teeth to Come In Sideways?
The primary reason wisdom teeth grow sideways is a lack of space in the jaw. Our jaws haven't evolved at the same pace as our dental development. Over centuries, our jaws have become smaller, leaving insufficient room for the third molars to emerge correctly. This often results in impacted wisdom teeth, where the tooth is partially or fully embedded in the jawbone. Other contributing factors include:
- Genetics: Family history of impacted wisdom teeth significantly increases the risk.
- Angle of eruption: The angle at which the tooth attempts to emerge can lead to sideways growth.
- Crowding: Existing overcrowding in the mouth can prevent sufficient space for wisdom teeth to erupt properly.
What Are the Symptoms of Sideways Wisdom Teeth?
The symptoms of a sideways impacted wisdom tooth can vary considerably, depending on the extent of impaction and any associated complications. Some individuals experience no symptoms at all, while others may suffer significant pain and discomfort. Common symptoms include:
- Pain and Swelling: Pain in the back of the mouth, jaw, and surrounding gum tissue is a frequent complaint. Swelling can also occur.
- Infection: Partially erupted wisdom teeth create a pocket for bacteria to accumulate, leading to infection (pericoronitis). This can manifest as pain, swelling, redness, and even fever.
- Jaw Pain/Stiffness: Difficulty opening the mouth (trismus) may arise due to inflammation or pressure on the jaw joint.
- Bad Breath: Bacteria trapped around a partially erupted wisdom tooth can contribute to bad breath.
- Gum Irritation: The presence of a partially erupted tooth can cause irritation and inflammation of the surrounding gums.
How Are Sideways Wisdom Teeth Treated?
The most common treatment for sideways impacted wisdom teeth is surgical removal (extraction). This is a relatively straightforward procedure usually performed under local anesthesia or sedation. The surgeon will make an incision in the gum, remove any bone covering the tooth, and then extract the tooth in sections if necessary. The specific surgical technique will depend on the position and extent of impaction.
What Happens If You Leave Sideways Wisdom Teeth Untreated?
Ignoring impacted wisdom teeth can lead to various problems, including:
- Recurring infections: Repeated episodes of pericoronitis can cause significant discomfort and potentially spread infection to other areas of the mouth.
- Damage to adjacent teeth: A sideways wisdom tooth can exert pressure on neighboring teeth, leading to shifting, crowding, or damage to their roots.
- Cysts or Tumors: In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth can develop cysts or tumors, which can cause damage to the jawbone and surrounding structures.
Will I Need to Have My Wisdom Teeth Removed?
Not everyone needs wisdom teeth extraction. Your dentist or oral surgeon will determine the necessity based on an examination and x-rays. Factors considered include the position of the teeth, presence of symptoms, and potential risks of leaving them in place. Regular checkups are essential to monitor the development and potential complications of wisdom teeth.
Can Wisdom Teeth Removal Be Avoided?
While some individuals experience no problems with their wisdom teeth, the potential for complications is significant. Prophylactic (preventative) removal is often recommended to avoid future issues. However, this is a personal decision to be made in consultation with your dentist or oral surgeon. They will weigh the benefits of removal against potential risks and your individual circumstances.
What are the Risks of Wisdom Teeth Removal?
As with any surgical procedure, there are inherent risks associated with wisdom teeth removal. These risks are generally low but can include:
- Infection: There is a small chance of infection at the surgical site.
- Dry Socket: This is a painful condition where the blood clot protecting the extraction site is dislodged.
- Nerve Damage: In rare cases, damage to the nerves in the jaw can occur, potentially causing numbness or tingling.
- Bleeding: Although usually minimal, bleeding can sometimes occur following surgery.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a qualified dentist or oral surgeon for diagnosis and treatment of impacted wisdom teeth. They will provide personalized recommendations based on your specific situation.
